china-final F Mr. Panda and Fantastic Beasts (后缀自动机+字典序最小的最短路)
题目链接:
http://codeforces.com/gym/101194
题意:
给n个字符串s1,s2......sn,问只在第一个字符串中出现的最短子串,多个答案输出字典序最小的子串。
思路:
把n个串用'z'+1连接起来建立后缀自动机,把s2到sn的母串上所有位置都标记cnt=1,如果parent树的子树和求完后,某个状态的cnt==0,那么所有能到达该状态的串都只在s1中出现过,于是求从root到这些cnt==0的状态的字典序最小的最短路就好了。
Time:420ms
#include<bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int N=600005; int tot,root,last; int pa[N],deep[N],ch[N][27],cnt[N]; int newnode(int _deep) { tot++; memset(ch[tot],0,sizeof(ch[tot])); deep[tot]=_deep; cnt[tot]=0; return tot; } void init() { tot=0; root=newnode(0); last=root; } void insert(int w) { int np=newnode(deep[last]+1); int u=last; while(u&&!ch[u][w]) ch[u][w]=np,u=pa[u]; if (!u) pa[np]=root; else { int v=ch[u][w]; if (deep[u]+1==deep[v]) pa[np]=v; else { int nv=newnode(deep[u]+1); memcpy(ch[nv],ch[v],sizeof(ch[v])); pa[nv]=pa[v]; pa[v]=pa[np]=nv; while(u&&ch[u][w]==v) ch[u][w]=nv,u=pa[u]; } } last=np; } int sum[N],stk[N]; void topsort() { for (int i=0;i<=deep[last];i++) sum[i]=0; for (int i=1;i<=tot;i++) sum[deep[i]]++; for (int i=1;i<=deep[last];i++) sum[i]+=sum[i-1]; for (int i=1;i<=tot;i++) stk[sum[deep[i]]--]=i; for (int i=tot;i>=2;i--) cnt[pa[stk[i]]]+=cnt[stk[i]]; } bool vis[N]; bool fst[N]; char s[N]; char st[N]; int pre[N]; int pc[N]; int bfs(int S) { queue<int>Q; vis[S]=1; Q.push(S); while(!Q.empty()) { int u=Q.front(); Q.pop(); for (int w=0;w<26;w++) { int v=ch[u][w]; if (v&&fst[v]&&!vis[v]) { pre[v]=u; pc[v]=w; if (cnt[v]==0) return v; vis[v]=1; Q.push(v); } } } return -1; } int main() { int t; scanf("%d",&t); for (int cas=1;cas<=t;cas++) { init(); int n; scanf("%d",&n); scanf("%s",st+1); for (int i=1;st[i];i++) insert(st[i]-'a'); for (int i=2;i<=n;i++) { scanf("%s",s+1); insert(26); cnt[last]=1; for (int j=1;s[j];j++) insert(s[j]-'a'),cnt[last]=1; } topsort(); for (int i=1;i<=tot;i++) vis[i]=fst[i]=0; int now=1; for (int i=1;st[i];i++) { now=ch[now][st[i]-'a']; int tmp=now; while(tmp&&!fst[tmp]) fst[tmp]=1,tmp=pa[tmp]; } printf("Case #%d: ",cas); int ret=bfs(1); if (ret!=-1) { int cnt=0; for (int i=ret;i!=1;i=pre[i]) s[++cnt]=pc[i]+'a'; for (int i=cnt;i>=1;i--) printf("%c",s[i]); printf("\n"); } else printf("Impossible\n"); } }
后缀自动机求字符串s1以i结尾的子串和s2到sn连接起来的串的最长公共子串,这个子串再向左延伸一个字符就是以i结尾的最短的只在s1中出现的子串。求出答案后暴力找字典序最小的串,要是答案太多可能会超时,然而数据没有卡这个时间。
Time:358ms
#include<bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int N=600005; int tot,root,last; int pa[N],deep[N],ch[N][27],cnt[N]; int newnode(int _deep) { tot++; memset(ch[tot],0,sizeof(ch[tot])); deep[tot]=_deep; cnt[tot]=0; return tot; } void init() { tot=0; root=newnode(0); last=root; } void insert(int w) { int np=newnode(deep[last]+1); int u=last; while(u&&!ch[u][w]) ch[u][w]=np,u=pa[u]; if (!u) pa[np]=root; else { int v=ch[u][w]; if (deep[u]+1==deep[v]) pa[np]=v; else { int nv=newnode(deep[u]+1); memcpy(ch[nv],ch[v],sizeof(ch[v])); pa[nv]=pa[v]; pa[v]=pa[np]=nv; while(u&&ch[u][w]==v) ch[u][w]=nv,u=pa[u]; } } last=np; } int sum[N],stk[N]; void topsort() { for (int i=0;i<=deep[last];i++) sum[i]=0; for (int i=1;i<=tot;i++) sum[deep[i]]++; for (int i=1;i<=deep[last];i++) sum[i]+=sum[i-1]; for (int i=1;i<=tot;i++) stk[sum[deep[i]]--]=i; for (int i=tot;i>=2;i--) cnt[pa[stk[i]]]+=cnt[stk[i]]; } char s[N]; char st[N]; int f[N]; bool cmp(int p1,int p2,int len) { for (int i=0;i<len;i++) if (st[p1+i]!=st[p2+i]) return st[p1+i]<st[p2+i]; return 1; } int main() { int t; scanf("%d",&t); for (int cas=1;cas<=t;cas++) { init(); int n; scanf("%d",&n); scanf("%s",st+1); for (int i=2;i<=n;i++) { scanf("%s",s+1); for (int j=1;s[j];j++) insert(s[j]-'a'); insert(26); } int now=root,step=0; int ans=N; for (int i=1;st[i];i++) { while(now&&!ch[now][st[i]-'a']) now=pa[now]; if (!now) now=1,step=0; else step=deep[now]+1,now=ch[now][st[i]-'a']; f[i]=step; if (i-f[i]>0) ans=min(ans,f[i]); } printf("Case #%d: ",cas); if (ans==N) printf("Impossible\n"); else { int id=0; for (int i=1;st[i];i++) if (i-f[i]>0&&f[i]==ans) { if (id==0||cmp(i-ans,id-ans,ans+1)) id=i; } for (int i=id-f[id];i<=id;i++) printf("%c",st[i]); printf("\n"); } } }
后缀数组+二分答案,每次判断当前前缀相同的块里是否有s1的后缀并且没有其它串的后缀
Time:483ms
#include<cstdio> #include<cmath> #include<cstring> #include<algorithm> using namespace std; const int N=300005; int a[N]; char s[N]; int pos,cut; struct suffixarray { int sa[N],rk[N],h[N]; int cnt[N],sa2[N],rk2[N]; int rlen[N]; int n; bool cmp(int i,int j,int len) { if (rk2[i]==rk2[j]&&rk2[i+len]==rk2[j+len]) return 0; return 1; } void make(int *s,int len) { s[len+1]=-1; //按情况修改 n=len; int m=60000; //按情况修改 for (int i=0;i<=m;i++) cnt[i]=0; for (int i=1;i<=n;i++) cnt[s[i]]++; for (int i=1;i<=m;i++) cnt[i]+=cnt[i-1]; for (int i=n;i>=1;i--) sa[cnt[s[i]]--]=i; int k=1; rk[sa[1]]=1; for (int i=2;i<=n;i++) { if (s[sa[i]]!=s[sa[i-1]]) k++; rk[sa[i]]=k; } rk2[n+1]=0; for (int j=1;k<n&&j<=n;j*=2) { int tot=0; for (int i=n-j+1;i<=n;i++) sa2[++tot]=i; for (int i=1;i<=n;i++) if (sa[i]>j) sa2[++tot]=sa[i]-j; m=k; for (int i=1;i<=m;i++) cnt[i]=0; for (int i=1;i<=n;i++) cnt[rk[i]]++; for (int i=2;i<=m;i++) cnt[i]+=cnt[i-1]; for (int i=n;i>=1;i--) sa[ cnt[rk[sa2[i]]]-- ]=sa2[i]; for (int i=1;i<=n;i++) rk2[i]=rk[i]; k=1; rk[sa[1]]=1; for (int i=2;i<=n;i++) { if (cmp(sa[i],sa[i-1],j)) k++; rk[sa[i]]=k; } } for (int i=1;i<=n;i++) { if (rk[i]==1) { h[rk[i]]=0; //这里很容易错 continue; } k=h[rk[i-1]]; if (k>0) k--; int j=sa[rk[i]-1]; while(s[i+k]==s[j+k]) k++; h[rk[i]]=k; } } void show() { printf("\n"); for (int i=1;i<=n;i++) { for (int j=sa[i];j<=n;j++) printf("%c",char(a[j])); printf(" %d\n",h[i]); } } int idx; bool check(int len) { bool hv1=0,hv2=0; for (int i=1;i<=n;i++) { if (h[i]<len) { if (hv1&&!hv2) { idx=sa[i-1]; return 1; } hv1=hv2=0; if (rlen[sa[i]]>=len) { if (sa[i]<cut) hv1=1; else hv2=1; } } else { if (sa[i]<cut) hv1=1; else hv2=1; } } return 0; } void solve(int *s) { int tmp=n; for (int i=n;i>=1;i--) { if (s[i]>'z') tmp=i,rlen[i]=0; else rlen[i]=tmp-i; } int l=1,r=cut; while(l<r) { int mid=(l+r)/2; if (!check(mid)) l=mid+1; else r=mid; } if (l==cut) printf("Impossible\n"); else { check(l); for (int i=idx;i<idx+l;i++) printf("%c",char(s[i])); printf("\n"); } } }SA; int main() { int t; scanf("%d",&t); for (int cas=1;cas<=t;cas++) { int n; scanf("%d",&n); pos=0; for (int i=1;i<=n;i++) { scanf("%s",s+1); for (int j=1;s[j];j++) a[++pos]=s[j]; a[++pos]='z'+i; if (i==1) cut=pos; } SA.make(a,pos); printf("Case #%d: ",cas); //SA.show(); SA.solve(a); } }
2022年9月08日 00:48
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